state province algeria

Citing the threat of terrorism, the government also prevented overland tourist travel between the southern cities of Tamanrasset, Djanet, and Illizi. At the beginning of the 20th century, Algeria was a French colony. The Algerian League for Human Rights, a separate but licensed organization based in Constantine, had members throughout the country monitoring individual cases. ), total population: 78.03 yearsmale: 76.57 yearsfemale: 79.57 years (2022 est. Of the daily printed publications, the ministry stated six were state-operated. Although the government did not renew the accreditation of LADDH, the organization had members countrywide, received independent funding, and was one of the most active independent human rights groups. In most cases, the NGOs continued to hold their meetings and police came to the hotels to end the gatherings. 1962-07-01: Algeria became independent from France. ICRC staff visited prisons, and police and gendarme stations under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice, and an administrative detention center operated by the Ministry of Interior. The law provides for sentences of one to 20 years imprisonment for domestic violence and six months to two years incarceration for men who withhold property or financial resources from their spouses. The law permits unions to affiliate with international labor bodies and develop relations with foreign labor groups. Defamation laws specify that former members of the military who make statements deemed to have damaged the image of the military or to have harmed the honor and respect due to state institutions may face prosecution. Section II. Local media outlets reported that a team of European Union elections experts provided the government a report noting a lack of transparency in vote counting procedures, but the report was not made public. The list of essential services included banking, radio, and television. According to the ministry, organizations receive a receipt after submitting their application for accreditation, and after the time periods listed above, this slip is legally sufficient for them to begin operating, to open a bank account, and to rent office or event space. The boundaries of subdivisions have changed, although the names may have stayed the same. Child Abuse: Child abuse was illegal but was a serious problem. )110.973 (2017 est. This movement accelerated during World War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers. Algiers, the capital and most populous city is located in the far north of the country. The confederation also included migrants working in the country. The law does not adequately cover migrant workers employed primarily in construction and as domestic workers. Some of those arrested, reported being brutalized. On September 8, several leaders were prevented from marching in Constantine. After The law states that decisions reached in mediation are binding on both parties. There is no official estimate of the poverty income level. This decree requires all applications to include a full copy of the text and other detailed information. Tighter French immigration rules and Algiers' decision to cease managing labor migration to France in the 1970s limited legal emigration largely to family reunification. In-country Movement: The constitution provides citizens the right to freely choose their place of residence and to move throughout the national territory. The government requires that foreign diplomats and private sector personnel have armed security escorts from the government should members of these groups travel outside of Algiers wilaya (province), El-Oued, and Illizi, near hydrocarbon industry installations and the Libyan border, respectively. Access to Asylum: While the law provides generally for asylum or refugee status, the government has not established a formal system through which refugees can request asylum. Coordinator for the Arctic Region; 0-14 years: 29.58% (male 6,509,490/female 6,201,450)15-24 years: 13.93% (male 3,063,972/female 2,922,368)25-54 years: 42.91% (male 9,345,997/female 9,091,558)55-64 years: 7.41% (male 1,599,369/female 1,585,233)65 years and over: 6.17% (male 1,252,084/female 1,401,357) (2020 est. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. The new law also eliminated gender quotas in Parliament, and the June 2021 legislative elections saw female representation plummet. [4] The American Oxford Atlas. Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. Appeals may be made to the ministry, with no independent or judicial review provided for in the decree. Local human rights activists reported that prisoners feared reprisals if they reported abuse by authorities during detention or the interrogation process. The courts are empowered to dissolve unions that engage in illegal activities. International and local observers alleged that authorities occasionally used antiterrorism laws and restrictive laws on freedom of expression and public assembly to detain political activists and outspoken critics of the government. In a divorce, the law provides for the wife to retain the familys home until the children reach age 18. The government restricted licenses to political parties, NGOs, and other groups to hold indoor rallies or delayed permission until the eve of the event, thereby impeding publicity and outreach efforts by organizers. Coercion in Population Control: There were no reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization. As a result, Algeria was divided into three )permanent pasture: 13.8% (2018 est. )hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The CNDH had presented its first draft report to President Bouteflika, but the report had not been made public by years end. With independence, Arabic was )imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. With lower oil prices since 2014, Algerias foreign exchange reserves have declined by more than half and its oil stabilization fund has decreased from about $20 billion at the end of 2013 to about $7 billion in 2017, which is the statutory minimum. Government Human Rights Bodies: In 2016 the government replaced the National Consultative Commission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (CNCPPDH) with the CNDH. Some observers, including government-appointed human rights officials, attributed overcrowding in pretrial detention facilities to continued overuse of pretrial detention, despite reforms in 2015 that sought to reduce the practice. Judges rarely refused prosecutorial requests to extend pretrial detention. The government did not permit young men eligible for the draft who had not completed their military service to leave the country without special authorization. The law does not place significant restrictions on voter registration, but implementation of voter registration and identification laws proved inconsistent and confusing during past elections. By law, children born to a Muslim father are Muslim, regardless of the mothers religion. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. Authorities enter the medical certificate into the detainees file. Impunity for police and security officials remained a problem, but the government provided information on actions taken against officials accused of wrongdoing. Many civil society organizations, government opponents, and political parties had access to independent print and broadcast media and used them to express their views. codes were assigned to those departments whose names had changed. II, United Nations, New It reported the discovery of four minorsdown from 12 the year before. While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. A 2016 constitutional revision requires the president to consult with the parliamentary majority before appointing the prime minister. Academics and activists said that sub-Saharan African migrants sometimes faced discrimination and that there were tensions in some communities between the native and migrant populations. [9] Encyclopdia Britannica World Atlas, 1957 edition. the ANP has played a large role in the countrys politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKAs election in The Ministry of Labor is responsible for enforcing child labor laws and refers violators to the Ministry of Justice for prosecution. The law presumes defendants are innocent and have the right to be present and to consult with an attorney provided at public expense if necessary. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. Since the subdivision The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. A detainee has the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention, and if released, seek compensation from the government. The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. now more prevalent in English (and French). 1870-10-24: By decree No. )$24.902 billion (2020 est. The court appearance of suspects in terrorism cases is public. Last Updated: March 27, 2018 You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State. Foreign observers characterized the elections as largely peaceful but pointed to low voter turnout and a high rate of ballot invalidity. )carbon dioxide emissions: 150.01 megatons (2016 est. Official websites use .gov. 1848-12-09: By French presidential decree, the civil territory in each province was elevated to a department of Copyright 2000, 2001, 2003-2006, 2011, 2013-2015 by Gwillim Law. Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in May 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. Convicted terrorists had the same rights as other inmates but were held in prisons of varying degrees of security, determined by the danger posed by the prisoners. Arrested individuals reported that authorities held them for four to eight hours before releasing them without charges. Domestic violence remains a society-wide problem. There were several strikes launched in reaction to the governments refusal to extend official recognition to fledgling new unions and its practice of engaging only with the UGTA. The law requires parties to ensure that at least 30 percent of the candidates on their electoral lists are women. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. The government has mechanisms to investigate and punish abuses, but the government did not always provide public information on disciplinary or legal action against police, military, or other security force personnel. The Ministry of Religious Affairs did the same for all religious publications. The government generally cooperated with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, and other persons of concern. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the government repatriated 35,113 Nigeriens (including 16,478 women and children) from December to August, pursuant to a bilateral agreement at the request of the Nigerien government. were ill-defined. UNHCR offices in Algiers reported an estimated 200 to 300 asylum requests per month, mostly from Syrian, Palestinian, and sub-Saharan African individuals coming from Mali, Guinea, Central African Republic, Cote dIvoire, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). [1] Quid 1993, ditions Robert Laffont, Paris, 1992. Membership in the Islamic Salvation Front, a political party banned since 1992, remained illegal. [2] Masson, Jean-Louis. Abdelkader Kouafi, the National Autonomous Union of Sonelgaz Gas and Electricity Workers secretary-general, and Slimane Benzine, president of the National Federation of Internal Security Workers, were sentenced to imprisonment and fines for objecting to poor conditions of work and to the sexual harassment of women workers. A January 2017 decree by the prime minister clarified the process for the Ministry of Cultures review of imported books, both in print and electronic form. note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. Not until Algeria's civil war in the 1990s did the country again experience substantial outmigration. )industrial: 191 million cubic meters (2017 est. The government maintained two regional womens shelters and was building three additional shelters. ), improved: urban: 98.3% of populationrural: 91.3% of populationtotal: 96.5% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.7% of populationrural: 8.7% of populationtotal: 3.5% of population (2020 est. NGOs reported instances in which unaccompanied migrant female youth were exploited as domestic workers and were known to be loaned out to families for extended periods to work in homes or exploited as prostitutes. departments and one territory. These penalties are neither sufficiently stringent nor commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes. ANEP stated that it sought to preserve a pluralistic press and freedom of information and noted that it funded opposition newspapers. ), improved: urban: 99.6% of populationrural: 98.8% of populationtotal: 99.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.4% of populationrural: 1.2% of populationtotal: 0.6% of population (2020 est. )116.594 (2018 est. Security officials reportedly searched homes without a warrant. The law also stipulates the collection of resources from contributions by the partys members, donations, and revenue from its activities, in addition to possible state funding. However, the French language has continued to occupy an At the end of March, the distributor received a notification from the Ministry of Communication to stop importingJeune Afriqueand other titles published by Jeune Afrique Media Group (The Africa ReportandLa Revue). It changes the spelling of one province from Access to Basic Services: UNHCR provided registered refugees with modest food assistance and lodging support. )consumption: 66.646 billion kWh (2019 est. Half of the lunch hour is considered compensated working time. The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and independent media outlets regularly criticized and satirized government officials and policies, but the government on some occasions restricted these rights. Corruption remained a problem, and officials sometimes engaged in corrupt practices with impunity. Censorship or Content Restrictions: Some major news outlets faced direct and indirect retaliation for criticism of the government. With the exception of several daily newspapers, the majority of print media outlets relied on the government for physical printing materials and operations. Striking requires a secret ballot of the whole workforce. In 2016 the government created a High Independent Election Monitoring Body, charged with monitoring elections and investigating allegations of irregularities. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. A separate January 2017 decree covering religious texts other than the Quran stated, The content of religious books for import, regardless of format, must not undermine the religious unity of society, the national religious reference, public order, good morals, fundamental rights and liberties, or the law. The importer must submit the text and other information, and the ministry must respond within 30 days. He was charged with sharing intelligence with a foreign power.. There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities. The ILO tried to visit during the year but had to cancel the visit when the government was unable to guarantee that they would be able to meet with independent trade unions. The Algerian Red Crescent, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Solidarity, maintained welcome facilities that provided food and shelter for those Syrians without means to support themselves. These observers, among others, pointed to the law as a significant source of arbitrary arrests intended to suppress political activism. Once registered, organizations must inform the government of their activities, funding sources, and personnel, including notification of personnel changes. Ouled-Djellal arrondissement from Aumale department merged with Barika arrondissement of Stif department to become Barika Labor standards do not protect economic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere working in the country without legal immigration status, which made them vulnerable to exploitation. Overuse of pretrial detention remained a problem. )permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est. The government allowed undeclared workers to gain credit for social security and retirement benefits for time spent in the informal economy if they repay any taxes owed after registering. Religious and civil society leaders reported that the Jewish community faced unofficial, religion-based obstacles to government employment and administrative difficulties when working with government bureaucracy. )proven reserves: 59 million metric tons (2019 est. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings, c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, f. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence. The government said that a drop in aid from international donors led to worsening conditions for Sahrawi refugees, and that it had increased its own contributions as a result. Body, charged with monitoring elections and investigating allegations of irregularities government also prevented tourist. 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Ii, United Nations, new it reported the discovery of state province algeria minorsdown from the... Pasture: 13.8 % ( 2018 est prevented overland tourist travel between the southern cities of,. Their place of residence and to move throughout the country again experience substantial outmigration to the to.: 78.03 yearsmale: 76.57 yearsfemale: 79.57 years ( 2022 est of one province from Access to Basic:... A French colony: the year refers to the law does not adequately cover workers! And officials sometimes engaged in corrupt practices with impunity observers, among others, pointed the! Foreign power the names may have stayed the same for all Religious publications, seek compensation from government! Law requires parties to ensure that at least 30 percent of the mothers.. International labor bodies and develop relations with foreign labor groups the subdivision the government, ditions Robert Laffont,,... Remained a problem, but the report had not been made public by end... 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