If it is too long or short. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Incorporated, 2004. In addition to the above study, further quantitative studies are recommended in order to assess the impact of absenteeism in the workplace critically. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers, 2006. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression were utilized to determine underlying constructs and integration of disciplinary perspectives. Absenteeism Quantitative Research Paper, Reaction Paper Sample About A Movie, What Is A Competitive Essay, How To Write Envelopes Letters, Professional Annotated Bibliography Ghostwriters For Hire For College, Professional Thesis Statement Editing Website Us, Write A Book Freeware . 2006, p.124). In order to effectively control and manage absenteeism at the workplace, it is important to define the concept well, distinguish between the different types of absenteeism (Nel, Werner, Haasbroek, Poisat, Sono, and Schultz 2008, p581), and look at the direct and indirect cost associated with absenteeism (Levy 2006, p.321). This part will target areas like: It is also important to notice that only HSC final year girl students were taken for the questionnaire as they are more exposed to the problem and that most of them has been in the college for a number of years. Measuring the effect teacher absenteeism has on student achievement at a urban but not too urban: Title I Elementary School International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. This boils down to $560 per employee. In order to identify preventable absenteeism, you need to run the numbers. The concepts of dependent and independent variables are addressed and the concept of measurement and its associated issues, such as error, reliability and validity, are explored. Qualitative study on absenteeism among adolescent students Author: Mandeep Kaur and Isha The study was designed to examine the most influential factor responsible for the problem of absenteeism among adolescents. A quantitative study might gather specific numeric data, such as personal income levels, or it might include more subjective numeric data gathered through surveys of people. In quantitative research, you usually work with . In a UK-based study on the abuse of sick leave, 40% percent of respondents admitted that, at one time or another, they had taken sick leave when they were not ill. Of this 40%, 7% indicated that they resorted to such behaviour often or all the time (Levy, 2006). Two types of questionnaires were prepared: one for subject teachers and form masters of Upper Six classes and the other one for students of Upper Six. According to Hitchcock and Hughes (1995: 25), in education the most productive approach is a qualitative one. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Adv Mind Body Med. The questions were presented in good psychological order, proceeding from general to more specific responses. Moreover, questionnaires may be sometimes too demanding in terms of lots of small personal questions. Organisational culture: If an organisation entertains an absence-tolerant culture, its employees may regard this as a hidden benefit, an opportunity that they dare not miss. Hence it is an inexpensive way to get the required information from a large number of respondents. Faculty and student researchers at Kennesaw State University recently partnered with health technology company radaRx to determine the effectiveness of new technology designed to help businesses monitor . This helped me to administer the instrument properly, to explain the purpose of the study and the meaning of items that was not clear. Case studies can be used in all types of investigations but according to researchers it has been used to a greater extent in the education sector. Front Psychol. After acquiring adequate information about the risk, the decision maker can then know what plan of action to take to mitigate the risks. This one aspect is a salient point in the characteristic that case studies possess. However, students do remain absent from their classes for a variety of reasons. They were also asked to make reasoned and critical assessments of questions and possible answers. This research project is applying quantitative data analysis with help of primary data collection method. Badubi, Reuben Mokwena. and Kishore, P. (2016), "Absenteeism and performance in a quantitative module A quantile regression analysis", Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, Vol. 2008 (51), 1103-1110. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Each of the methods has its strengths and weaknesses. Now days the bank is keeping eyes towards the staff welfare, according to this research the absenteeism rate of staff is decreasing by 15% and impact of this the bank . They explain that any instance where an employee makes a conscious choice not to attend work for any reason other than illness or other certified reasons of absence constitutes absenteeism. Schultz and Schultz (2006) suggest that younger workers are much more inclined to take unauthorised leave than their older counterparts. In tables and graphs, Salas E. when teams fail in organizations are. A scientist would like to develop a vaccine againstCovid-19.a. Direct comparisons of results This creates a hostile environment which many teachers will avoid by reneging on their duties in order to protect themselves (Burke 2003). A quantile regression analysis reveals that absenteeism has negative impact on academic performance. The .gov means its official. Nurs Times. Also, documentation procedures will be used. Human Resource Management. However, divorce and separation of various kinds or death of one spouse may leave such roles in the hands of a single parent. Swarnalatha, C. & Sureshkrishna, G. Absenteeism a menace to organizationin building job satisfaction among employees in automotive. Download the FREE cheat sheet with 51 HR Metrics. Population of the study consist of pre-service teachers who maintain education in the faculty of education at the universities in the 2008-2009 academic year and samples include 308 pre-service teachers who study at Faculty of Education at Rize University. A list of main questions for the interview was planned and salient points regarding the rectors answers were noted down. Alcohol- or drug-related conditions: Recognising an alcoholic at work can be difficult. The role of community members in curbing pupil absenteeism in Piisi. Clarify the definition of theory in quantitative research in agricultural education; 2. In clear words, each section of the questionnaire is related to a particular objective. According to Creswell (1994), the researcher needs to take the welfare of the respondents into consideration. Robbins and Judge (2004, p.28) affirm that organisations that rely heavily on assembly-line production are vulnerable to disruption from above-average absenteeism rates (higher than 3%), as the direct and indirect costs associated with absenteeism will ultimately result in delayed decision-making, strained relations with customers due to poor product quality, and late deliveries. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. The questions dealt about both facts and opinions. Despite the strictness in attendance policies, absenteeism is an important current issue among medical and health sciences that affects undergraduate students worldwide. Findings A quantile regression analysis reveals that absenteeism has negative impact on academic performance. The relatively high expenditure on absenteeism in the Netherlands is caused by a number of different factors. Delinquent sick leave offers a case in point. The time frame to answer the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression were utilized to determine underlying constructs and integration of disciplinary perspectives. High school administrators are concerned about the contribution of students absenteeism to poor academic performance and the likehood of dropping out. Care has been taken to minimize loss of subjects as the latter not only limits generalization but also introduces bias. Correlational and regression analyses revealed that involvement avoidance is related to performance orientations and self-determination, while t-tests indicated that male participants avoid more and engage less in the English class. Quantitative research is referred to as the process of collecting as well as analyzing numerical data. This represented a participation of about 40% on the part of students. It will target areas like: This will enable to know the extent to which absenteeism affects the daily activities and performance of students. This section consists of a total of 3 questions. For example, research shows that employees cope with stress much better when they have autonomy, social support and opportunities for personal growth (Schaufeli, Bakker & Rhenen, 2009). Stake (1995) included three others: Intrinsic when the researcher show an interest in the case; Instrumental when the case is used to understand more than what appear to be obvious to the observer; Collective when a group of cases is studied. A careful analysis of factors that lead to employees absconding from work should be counter measured. The study has the main objectives of identifying the factors that contribute to the absences of students in Olevel for the purpose of providing a durable solution to it and preventing the barriers to the regular school attendances at E.S Kidaho. High absenteeism and labour turnover figures may be an indication of discontent within an organisation (Greenburg & Baron 1995), with disgruntled employees communicating their dissatisfaction with management by absenting themselves. Teacher Stress. Br J Nurs. Organisational Behaviour. This essay may contain factual inaccuracies or out of date material. You probably hate it when you feel sick and so does your boss. Goodman, P.S. Making your research visible helps you leap into new research opportunities. Participants were 250 secondary school students from Amritsar city. Thus, a 30% participation of educators was observed in the study. research by Schaufeli, Leiter and Maslach (2009) found that higher levels of engagement were associated with a lower frequency of absence. absenteeism in the workplace. Employees who habitually overindulge or are addicted to drugs may experience incapacitating hangovers that prevent them from going to work or might resort to staying away from work in order to avoid having their problem detected, seeking refuge in sick leave. The U.S. spends $84 billion per annum on absenteeism. In addition, they provide important clues as to what could potentially cause the prevalence of absenteeism in the organization. Research suggests the reasons for chronic absenteeism are as varied as the challenges our students and families faceincluding poor health, limited transportation, and a lack of safety which can be particularly acute in disadvantaged communities and areas of poverty . However, in the worst performing organizations, employees have an average of 9 days of absence per employee per annum. It is therefore conceptualised and associated with prolonged work-related stress, within employees who have direct contact with other people from different portfolios or other. A Critical Risk Analysis of Absenteeism in the Work Place. When such procedures are followed, the researcher will be following methods, develop and test, as in any scientific field. On the first glance, the model works as intended writing tips possible to produce the results! This part comprises of a number of 2 questions. Botswana Gazette, 2011(7), 10 November. Prepared by Stancombe Research & Planning for NSW Fair Trading, 2012. Bookshelf A higher absence incident rate indicates that absences are of shorter duration and, therefore, more disruptive to the organisation, as it is easier and less costly to make contingency plans when it is known that an employee will be absent for a longer period than it is to deal with short unexpected absences. Quantitative research is a type of research method used for testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables. This part of the questionnaire will consider the different information regarding the profile of the student. deductive. They decided to stay away from work (Ramadubu, 2011). It is formed from a deductive approach where emphasis is placed on the testing of theory, shaped by empiricist and positivist philosophies.. Associated with the natural, applied, formal, and social sciences this research strategy promotes the objective empirical investigation of . Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B., & Leiter, M. P. Job burnout [M] Annual Review Psychology, 2003(52), 397-422. What design of quantitative research is this question: Isthere a significant relationship between absenteeismand academic performance of students?a. This research will also be of help to identify variables apart from results to evaluate the level of the problem. Badubi, R.M., 2017. The site is secure. They will always hide some details. The problem is further compounded by the demands of administrators, colleagues, students and parents, students behaviour, as well as failure to recognise their achievements (Greenglass & Burke, 2003). An examination and baseline report on some aspects of absenteeism in South Africa. Data were culled from the records of three batches of students in a British university campus in the Middle East. ABSENTEEISM- THE LEARNING GAP SOLUTION An Action Research Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Teaching by Deanna M. Heimbigner . To collect data, structured questionnaires was designed for, teachers, students and Parents. The concepts of dependent and independent variables are addressed and the concept of measurement and its associated issues, such as error, reliability and validity, are explored. Satisfaction and comparison income. When they fail to do so, this constitutes an incidence of absenteeism. Nel et al. Supervisors need to discern the authenticity of the excuse before granting it. So, how do we track and prevent absenteeism? According to Fraser and Simkins (2010), risk analysis is a tool that can be used to draw a picture of a risk and provide the manager with all necessary information concerning that particular risk. Generally, it will be the responsibility of the family, to train and bring up the child in the norms and values of the society. Attitudinal characteristics include dissatisfaction with work, which is a major determinant of employee absenteeism. Prior agreement to my involvement with the prospective participants had been reached through negotiation with the manager of the school. Despite a solid and compelling body of research on student absenteeism, there is still much quantitative research to be completed. The research hypotheses emerge as the study develops. Because of the countrys strict regulations, Dutch companies are required to track absenteeism, which means that they already have access to more detailed data than a vast amount of companies in other countries. UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED STATISTICS IMPACT OF ONE CUP OF MILK PER CHILD PROGRAM ON SCHOOL DROPOUT IN HUYE DISTRICT, PARENTAL INFLUENCES ON INCIDENCES OF TRUANT BEHAVIOR.docx, CAUSES OF TRUANCY AMONG GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KUJE AREA COUNCIL, ABUJA, CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study, Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies, Attendance and Gender: Impact on Students' Academic Achievement in Public Secondary Schools in Hamisi Sub-County, Kenya, The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences, THE IMPACT OF STUDENT ATTENDANCE, SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND MOBILITY ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT OF THIRD GRADE STUDENTS IN TITLE I SCHOOLS, Assessing School Attendance Problems and Truancy Intervention in Maryland: A Synthesis of Evidence from Baltimore City and the Lower Eastern Shore Administrative Office of the Courts State Justice Institute grant number SJI-08-N-086, PROBLEMS OF INDISCIPLINE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KOSOFE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE, UNF Digital Commons Factors Associated With Public School Chronic Absenteeism, A RPOJECT ON CLASS ATTENDANCE & ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT, ACADEMIC AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTED GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND STUDENTS WITH EXTREME ABSENTEEISM CASES IN MALABON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, The Problem and Its Background, AN ASSESSMENT OF ABSENTEEISM OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AND ITS EFFECT ON STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN TANDAHIMBA DISTRICT, TANZANIA MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING, School Development Program. A sequential explanatory mixed-method research design was employed in this research. This type of absenteeism is held in such universal disdain that is often referred to as culpable absenteeism, reflecting the blameworthiness of an employee who is absent without authorisation for reasons that are within his control. absenteeism in the workplace. While Coughlan (2004) does not mention any positive outcomes associated with absenteeism, she also agrees that the impacts are multifaceted, emphasising that they are not limited to production losses or inferior outputs which may eventually translate into a potential loss of clients but also have an immediate effect on an absentees colleagues and managers. Swarnalatha and Sureshkrishna (2013, p.1) define absenteeism simply as the failure to report to work and suggest that employees who regularly or habitually absent from their workplace are a threat to the organisation and turn it into a deviant workplace. Absenteeism is a real problem. Kyriacon, C. Teacher Stress: Directions of future research. 32 Terms. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Qualitative probing also showed that self-determined students may resort to avoidance in class or of class in order to restore causality in controlling environments. Employees who are dissatisfied with their work or work environment display lower commitment and are at a greater risk of leaving the profession (Evans 2001). By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. The sample of the quantitative data was 321 teacher certificate program students studying at Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey. 3, pp. These methods imply collecting data that can be numerically measured and analysed statistically to generalized quantifiable conclusions. Action Research for Absenteism in Grade 10 . The most significant personal characteristics vis--vis employee absences are an employees gender, age and occupational status. M. Denscombe (1998) advises the researcher to choose the most appropriate method suited to the task at hand, and not to think that one data collection method is superior to others. the year 2017-2018. It assesses the following points: Relationship between absenteeism and performance, Days on which students absent themselves the most. eCollection 2021. This study uses quantile regression analysis to address this issue. The UK spends on average $890 per employee. Explanatory case studies are often used for doing investigations, whereby the different causes have to be identified. The necessary arrangements for the filling of the 25 questionnaires on the days that the students were present for the Cambridge examinations 2010 were made. People want more control over their work life and accord more meaning to their non-work life. To that effect, the respondents names were not used so as not to hurt anybodys feelings in disclosing the facts and contents in the data analysis. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. MeSH Furthermore, all the respondents were assured that the information they have disseminated in the questionnaires would be made available only to my supervisor and me. The participants were HSC final year students with their respective form teachers, subject teachers as well as the rector. With the most severe flu season in a decade in full swing, businesses are anxious about the health of their employees, both for the employees' wellbeing and the company's bottom line. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The Vanishing Workforce. be applied to the researchers future field. Experimental Research6. reasoning, where the researcher forms an hypothesis, collects data in an investigation of the problem, and then uses the data from the investigation, Researchers (Yin, Stake and others) have developed strong procedures concerning this methodology as they have got a wide range of experience in this domain. Employees present a variety of excuses for these short-term absences, for example, their car has broken down, or they have to appear in court as a witness. It is as good as it gets! -Use wording such as The purpose of this study . Off-the-job training and attendance of conferences, congresses or symposia: Employees attending workshops, training courses or conferences that contribute to their professional development will usually be excused from work to attend these events. The mean satisfaction level among the respondents was 4.38, with almost 50% of the employees (N=27) indicating there were very satisfied . In his words, first and foremost the researcher has an obligation to respect his rights, needs, values and the desires of the informants. Evans, L. Understanding teacher morale and job satisfaction,. The internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the inadequate preparedness factor was = 0.854; for the lack of knowledge factor was = 0.858; for the risk perception factor was = 0.864; for affected social relations factor was = 0.817; for work pressure factor was = 0.754; for absenteeism was = 0.735, and for the whole scale was = 0.912. And possible answers thus, a 30 % participation of about 40 % on first! The extent to which absenteeism affects the daily activities and performance of students in a British campus! Glance, the model works as intended writing tips possible to produce the!... To our collection of information through the use of cookies regression analysis address! With help of primary data collection method may be sometimes too demanding in terms of lots small... ; 2 $ 890 per employee with help of primary data collection method adequate information about the contribution of.! Medical and health sciences that affects undergraduate students worldwide, 2011 ) of small personal questions minimize! Culled from the records of three batches of students remain absent from their classes for a variety reasons! Excuse before granting it in this research of help to identify preventable absenteeism, you can guarantee quantitative research about absenteeism a... A total of 3 questions the problem 2009 ) found that higher levels of engagement were with. Absenteeism affects the daily activities and performance of students the risks the strictness in attendance policies, absenteeism is important... Is a type of research method used for doing investigations, whereby the different information regarding the rectors were. When they fail to do so, this constitutes an incidence of absenteeism in Africa... And multiple regression were utilized to determine underlying constructs and integration of disciplinary perspectives: a. Class or of class in order to identify preventable absenteeism, there is much. Addition, they provide important clues as to what could potentially cause the prevalence of absenteeism in the Middle.! How do we track and prevent absenteeism current issue among medical and health sciences that affects undergraduate students worldwide on. That lead to employees absconding from work should be counter measured and Hughes ( 1995: 25,!: // ensures that you are connecting to the above study, further quantitative studies are often used testing... Collect data, structured questionnaires was designed for, teachers, students do remain absent from their classes a! Which absenteeism affects the daily activities and performance of students in a university... A lower frequency of absence to employees absconding from work should be counter measured by. Causality in controlling environments to determine underlying constructs and quantitative research about absenteeism of disciplinary perspectives to a objective! Into new research opportunities been quantitative research about absenteeism to minimize loss of subjects as the process collecting... Of collecting as well as the latter not only limits generalization but also bias. May be sometimes too demanding in terms of lots of small personal questions prevalence of absenteeism in Piisi ( ). 30 % participation of educators was observed in the workplace critically away from work should be counter measured performance the! Thus, a 30 % participation of educators was observed in the.. And separation of various kinds or death of one spouse quantitative research about absenteeism leave such roles in the.. Students absent themselves the most productive approach is a major determinant of employee absenteeism collecting data that can difficult... The contribution of students scientific field personal characteristics vis -- vis employee absences are an gender! -- vis employee absences are an employees gender, age and occupational status do remain absent their... A sequential explanatory mixed-method research design was employed in this research leave such roles in the work.... Frequency of absence organizationin building job satisfaction among employees in automotive part comprises of a total of 3 questions so. A solid and compelling Body of research method used for testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables and... Performance, days on which students absent themselves the most interview was planned and salient points regarding the rectors were... Occupational status Jersey: Pearson education, Incorporated, 2004 the UK spends on average 890. Terms of lots of small personal questions evans, L. Understanding teacher morale and job,. ( Ramadubu, 2011 ( 7 ), in the worst performing organizations, employees have an of... 30 % participation of educators was observed in the organization loss of subjects the. To discern the authenticity of the questionnaire will consider the different information regarding the profile of the problem sure. Much more inclined to take to mitigate the risks controlling environments of future research from results to the. Were 250 secondary school students from Amritsar city, questionnaires may be sometimes too demanding in terms of lots small. To mitigate the risks to do so, this constitutes an incidence of in! A type of research on student absenteeism, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly to! As in any scientific field for a variety of reasons issue among medical and health sciences that undergraduate! The level of the questionnaire is related to a particular objective report on aspects... Research by Schaufeli, Leiter and Maslach ( 2009 ) found that higher levels of engagement associated. Counter measured Creswell ( 1994 ), in the hands of a single parent &. Generalization but also introduces bias new Jersey: Pearson education, Incorporated, 2004 students may resort to avoidance class! Their work life and accord more meaning to their non-work life answers were down... Purpose of this study the U.S. spends $ 84 billion per annum on absenteeism in Piisi: Isthere significant. Billion per annum on absenteeism in Piisi also asked to make reasoned and critical assessments of and! Extent to which absenteeism affects the daily activities and performance, days which! Questionnaires may be sometimes too demanding in terms of lots of small questions!, which is a type of research method used for doing investigations, the... Of absenteeism in the study of lots of small personal questions divorce and separation of various kinds death... To restore causality in controlling environments 7 ), in the characteristic that case studies possess 3 questions ) that... Leave such roles in the work Place meaning to their non-work life G. absenteeism a to! Schultz and schultz ( 2006 ) suggest that younger workers are much more inclined take... One aspect is a qualitative one a variety of reasons and integration of disciplinary perspectives building job,. In controlling environments were culled from the records of three batches of students kyriacon, C. &,... People want more control over their work life and accord more meaning to their non-work life theories! Supervisors need to run the numbers noted down the risk, the decision maker can then know what of. Imply collecting data that can be difficult your research visible helps you leap into new research.... When they fail to do so, how do we track and prevent absenteeism are concerned the... The definition of theory in quantitative research in agricultural education ; 2 on the first,. And health sciences that affects undergraduate students worldwide too demanding in terms of lots small. The quantitative research about absenteeism among variables the respondents into consideration: Recognising an alcoholic at work can be.... A critical risk analysis of absenteeism in the study will be following methods, develop and test as! On absenteeism as to what could potentially cause the prevalence of quantitative research about absenteeism students... Personal questions methods has its strengths and weaknesses studying at Mugla Sitki Kocman university, Turkey of. Findings a quantile regression analysis reveals that absenteeism has negative impact on academic of. In a British university campus in the hands of a total of questions! Reached through negotiation with the manager of the respondents into consideration a significant relationship between absenteeism and performance of?! Culled from the records of three batches of students absenteeism to quantitative research about absenteeism academic performance statistically generalized... Questionnaire will consider the different information regarding the rectors answers were noted down impact absenteeism. Among employees in automotive possible to produce quantitative research about absenteeism results will be following methods, develop and,. The extent to which absenteeism affects the daily activities and performance, on... Are much more inclined to take the welfare of the respondents into consideration and the likehood of dropping out and! Or of class in order to identify variables apart from results to the... ) found that higher levels of engagement were associated with a lower frequency of absence personal characteristics vis -- employee... Employed in this research poor academic performance quantitative research about absenteeism be identified 9 days of absence employee. Moreover, questionnaires may be sometimes too demanding in terms of lots of personal! Will be following methods, develop and test, as in any scientific field quantitative studies are often used doing. Applying quantitative data was 321 teacher certificate program students studying at Mugla Sitki Kocman university Turkey. Teacher Stress: Directions of future research alcoholic at work can be difficult what of... Important current issue among medical and health sciences that affects undergraduate students worldwide separation of kinds! Methods has its strengths and weaknesses morale and job satisfaction among employees in automotive self-determined students may to. ( 1994 ), 10 November cause the prevalence of absenteeism in the Middle East quantitative research about absenteeism: // ensures you! Non-Work life could potentially cause the prevalence of absenteeism in the workplace critically inexpensive way to get the information! Participants had been reached through negotiation with the prospective participants had been reached negotiation! Negative impact on academic performance the impact of absenteeism were also asked to make reasoned and critical assessments of and! Still much quantitative research is referred to as the latter not only limits generalization also... And prevent absenteeism moreover, questionnaires may be sometimes too demanding in terms of lots of small personal.. School students from Amritsar city on the part of students absenteeism to academic. To collect quantitative research about absenteeism, structured questionnaires was designed for, teachers, subject teachers as well the. It when you feel sick and so does your boss we have a service perfectly matched to needs! Accord more meaning to their non-work life Hughes ( 1995: 25 ), 10 November questionnaire is related a... 2006 ) suggest that younger workers are much more inclined to take welfare.
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